Knowledge · Metrics
What is GGR (Gross Gaming Revenue)? Formula, example and how it drives commercials
GGR — Gross Gaming Revenue — is the single most cited metric in iGaming. It defines what the house wins before any costs are deducted, and it is the basis for almost every commercial and tax calculation in the industry.
Updated January 2025 · AS Tech iGaming editorial
Definition
GGR (Gross Gaming Revenue) is the difference between what players bet and what they win, before any operating costs, bonuses, fees or taxes are deducted.
Formula
GGR = Total Bets − Total Wins
Sometimes called Gaming Win or House Win. Always positive over a large enough sample because the games have a built-in house edge (RTP < 100%).
Worked example
In one month, players on a brand wager $1,000,000 and win $950,000. GGR = $1,000,000 − $950,000 = $50,000. That is a 5% theoretical hold, consistent with a slot-heavy mix.
Why it matters
- Provider revenue-shares are typically calculated on GGR or NGR.
- Many jurisdictions levy gaming tax directly on GGR.
- GGR per active player (GGR/MAU) is the cleanest LTV proxy.
- Sudden GGR drops without volume drops usually mean lucky players or a configuration bug.
Frequently asked questions
What does GGR stand for?+
GGR stands for Gross Gaming Revenue — total player bets minus total player wins, before any costs or taxes are deducted.
What is the GGR formula?+
GGR = Total Bets − Total Wins. Bonuses and other deductions are applied later, at the NGR stage.
Is GGR the same as revenue?+
No. GGR is the casino's gross theoretical margin from gambling activity. Operator revenue (NGR) deducts bonuses, jackpot contributions, payment fees and gaming taxes.
Why does GGR matter to operators?+
GGR is the headline KPI for game-mix and product performance, and the basis for most provider, licensing and tax calculations before deductions.
Does GGR include bonus bets?+
Standard practice is to include bonus stakes and wins in GGR (because they reflect game activity), and deduct bonus cost at the NGR stage.